ICPD and ICPD+5
The International Conference on Population and Development ICPD ( Cairo , 1994)
The international consensus reached in the ICPD ( Cairo , 1994) brought a fundamental change in the current understanding of population issues. It departed from the long-held analysis starting in the 1950's that "overpopulation" is the principal problem. This old view emphasized family planning programmes that promoted contraception, fertility reduction, and population targets. Through the benefit of recent population and development studies, particularly on the human experiences in these programmes, the international community has concluded that this analysis is oversimplified as it overlooks other factors that influence family size.
Under the new perspective the ICPD recognized the close interrelationships between population, economic growth, especially poverty eradication, sustainable development and advances in education, economic status and empowerment of women. It broadened the idea of population action by putting at its center the concept of reproductive rights - the right to reproductive health, including family planning, sexual health, safe motherhood, and advise and treatment about infertility. The conference's adoption of a broader perspective can be attributed to its support to and follow-up of the recommendations and agreements of other important international events or conferences. These are:
" World Population Conference (Bucharest (1974)
" International Conference on Population (Mexico,1984)
" World Conference to Review and Appraise the Achievements of the United Nations Decade for Women: Equality, Development and Peace (Nairobi, 1985);
" The World Summit on Children (New York, 1990)
" The UN Conference on Environment and Development ( Rio de Janeiro, 1992)
" International Conference on Nutrition (Rome,1992)
" World Conference on Human Rights (Vienna, 1993)
" The International Year of the Indigenous People (1993)
" Global Conference on Sustainable Development of Small Developing States (Barbados, 1994)
" The International Year of the Family (1994)
The ICPD Programme of Action
The 1994 Cairo Conference drew up a Programme of Action (PoA) with the following list of targets and timetables for development in the quality of life. UNFP is tasked to assist countries to achieve these goals.
Development in Quality of Life Year |
Year |
1. Universal access to reproductive health services, including family planning and sexual health care |
2015 |
2. Universal primary education for all |
2015 |
3. Infant mortality rate below 35 per 1,000 live births, and under 5 mortality rate below 45 per 1,000
live births in all countries |
2015 |
5. Increase life expectancy at birth to 75 years or more |
2015 |
The ICPD+5
In June- July 1999, the United Nations General Assembly convened a special session to review progress since the ICPD 1994. Governments agreed on additional actions to further implement the ICPD PoA as well as new indicators to measure progress.
Quality of Life |
Year |
6. Reduction of illiteracy rate for women and girls to 50% below 1990 levels |
2005 |
7. Enrolling 90% of boys and girls in primary school |
2010 |
8. Ensuring that 60% of primary health care and family planning facilities offer a wide range of services, including family planning, obstetric care, and prevention and treatment of reproductive tract infections, including sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); |
- 80% level |
|
|
9. Provision of skilled birth attendants at 80% of all births globally, and at least 40% of all births where maternal mortality rate is very high. |
2005 |
10. Reduction of unmet need for contraceptives |
- by 50%. |
|
- by 75% . |
- by 100%. |
|
|
11. Guaranteeing that 90% of 15-24 year-olds have access to information and services to help them avoid HIV infection, including condoms, voluntary testing, counselling and follow-up. |
2015 |
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